Analysis Of Keller s The Gospel And Work - 1893 Words

After Keller introduces and explains God’s original plan for work and what work has become after the fall of man, Keller comes to the final part of his writing: the Gospel and work. Keller explains that man always attaches a story line to their life. He relates the idea of a story to narratives, which becomes â€Å"a fundamental story about what human life in the world should be like, what has knocked it off balance, and what can be done to make it right.† (154) This narrative is important because everyone lives out a narrative. In addition, everyone acknowledges that there is something wrong within us and among us. Thus our worldview attempts to address these problems and identify what is the cause and what is the solution. Keller explains the†¦show more content†¦Christianity affects not only those areas of work, but all areas of work. While there is a new story for work, there is also a new conception of work. Keller explains that the reason why work done by Christians does not seem different from the work done by non-Christians is that work’s purpose is to serve our neighbor in the best possible way. Anyone could do this, thus it appears no different. Keller warns that Christians can be led to undervalue good work done by nonbelievers. What Christians must do is to â€Å"place a high value on all human work, done by all people, as a channel of God’s love for his world.† (182 Keller further explains that when acknowledging this information, this leads to the Christian theological idea of ‘common grace.’ Understanding common grace is important because without it, Christians will not be able to understand why non-Christians exceed them in many aspects. Through doctrine of sin, â€Å"believers are never as good as our true worldview should make us’ and the doctrine of grace s hows that â€Å"unbelievers are never as messed up as their false worldview should make them† (188) Keller concludes the chapter with a problem currently plaguing Christians: disengagement with popular culture. There are three forms: complete renunciation, creation of an alternate Christian subculture, and uncritical consumption of popular culture without worldview discernment. There are two causes: a thin or legalistic

Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` Free Essays

Aims: To arrange pupils who took part in the exercise in order of fitness level. I will look at who is the fittest and see why, and also see if there are different fitness levels between girls and boys within the group. Method: The information that I have been given is that eight pupils, four of each sex took part in a stepping activity, their height and weight were recorded, the heart rate of all pupils before the activity, the heart rate of all pupils at regular intervals during the activity and the heart rate of all pupils 10 and 20 minutes after the activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way in which the pupils who carried out the investigation took the measure of heart rate was in the following way; each pupil in turn was connected to a BBC heart rate monitor and then asked to step up and down for ten minutes. Their heart rate was taken every 2 minutes. The pupils were then asked to rest. Their heart rate was taken again 10 and 20 minutes after the exercise had been completed. Background Information: There are many measures of fitness. For example the volume of blood, this is very important. The red blood cells contain the haemoglobin that reacts with oxygen. There are about 5.5 million red blood cells in each cubic cm of blood in a healthy adult. So the larger the volume of blood, the more oxygen is transported in a minute. So it is vital to have the requested amount of blood as that oxygenated blood which contains the oxyhaemoglobin, is that one that transports the oxygen to the cells, in this case the muscles exerting the force will be in most need to oxygen. Another thing that will affect the efficiency of the pupils in the exercise is how big the lungs are. If the lungs were big, they would have a large volume of air because the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles are larger and therefore create a larger volume when they contract; this is advantageous since they supply the increasing amount of oxygen to the blood passing through. When a person exercises, the level of carbon dioxide in blood increases and this is toxic. This increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the chemoreceptors, which send messages to the medulla oblongata, which in turn sends messages via the nerve fibers to the intercostals muscles, and diaphragm making them allow larger volumes of air in and because of that breathing rate increases. So the bigger the lungs, the more carbon dioxide they can take out from the carboxyhaemoglobin as they inhale. Until this point its all aerobic respiration but when it gets to the point when the heart can’t cope with the increasing demand for oxygen, the muscles will not get enough oxygen to react with glucose to create the energy to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is then used as an `energy currency` to `pay` for these changes in a cell which require energy, the cells start to break down what it can from the glucose to create little energy without the presence of oxygen, this is called anaerobic respiration as it doesn’t need oxygen and doesn’t produce carbon dioxide and water but instead Lactic acid. So no matter how fast you breathe or how fast your heartbeats, your body cannot obtain enough oxygen from aerobic respiration to supply all its energy needs. So although your muscles will get the energy they need, this lactic acid will start to collect in the muscles, which changes the blood pH, which also makes your muscles ache. So at the end of the exercise, the heart would have reached its limit in some pupils. The limit is when the heart is pumping as fast as it can and all the oxygen in the arterioles is taken and most of carbon dioxide is given to the venules. Within a minute, there will be too much of this acid that your muscles stop working altogether. So build up of lactic acid affects performance. You then will be breathing deeply after the exercise to repay the oxygen debt, which is the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of the acid. The heart is a muscular organ, so the cardiac tissue develops more strength with increased use so therefore when someone exercises that will make the heart more efficient and increases its size. So when the muscle develops the heart will pump more blood in each beat. This means that the heart can beat less frequently and still pump the same amount of blood. So the stronger the heart the fitter the person is. Now I am going to represent the information that I have been given in a series of graphs and charts so that I can analyze them and evaluate the procedure. Analysis: Graph number 1 shows the heart rate of all the pupils before, during and after the activity. A resting pulse is the pulse that you have when you are relaxing and not doing any exercise and doing your normal body functions. So when you compare the resting pulse of the pupils you notice a difference, this is because some pupils have stronger hearts. So low heart rate indicates strong cardiac muscles, which may be inferred that person is physically fit. Graph number 3 shows that the boy’s average heart rate is higher than the girls; therefore I can assume that the heart muscle of the girls is stronger within this sample. During the exercise phase all the pupils’ heart rate goes up because there is a greater demand for energy, which is met when the heart supplies blood carrying oxygen and glucose necessary for respiration. Due to the strengths of the hearts, some of the pupils are only able to sustain the effort for only a short period of time and others for longer. The heart rate goes down after the pupils stop exercising because there is a less demand for oxygen in the muscles, and so the heart is able to cope with that easily and therefore it doesn’t need to beat as frequent. You do realize that at the 10th minute the exercise is over, after the 10th minute, the graph shows the recovery time of all pupils. The recovery time is the time a pupil takes to recover from the end of the exercise to return back to the resting pulse. I have drawn a separate graph for the recovery time, as this time is an important sign of fitness. The shorter the time the fitter the person is because the person hasn’t got much of oxygen to pay back to get rid of the lactic acid. This shows that his\her heart copes well with the increasing demand for oxygen. From graph number 2 you can see that Anne and Daljit have the shortest recovery time, which is also identical i.e. 20 minutes, the longest recovery time is Jane’s which was 30 minutes long. So she took a while to repay the oxygen debt, her heart is not strong as the others, because it needed to keep pumping frequently to get the required amount of oxygen to where its wanted. Also the bar chart shows that the boy’s recovery time is slightly higher than the girls’ recovery time. The boys have an average of 19.5 and the girls have an average of 21.5. These averages are not accurate because we have not been given accurate information, as the pupils who took these measures, didn’t take them at narrow time intervals. So looking at these averages in addition graph number 3 showing pulse rate of boys verses girls which tells us that girls in this group have stronger cardiac muscles than boys for this sample. Summary: I conclude that Anne is the fittest pupil for a number of reasons. Anne has the lowest resting pulse and during the exercise her pulse rate stays the lowest, which means that she has got strong cardiac muscles, she has a very fast recovery time, which shows she is fit, and she is also physically fit because she has strong leg muscles. For the same reasons I will place the others in order of fitness level being the fittest at the top: 1. Anne 2. Daljit 3. Rhona 4. Marj 5. Jane 6. Sean 7. Aaron 8. Stan Evaluation: I am going to evaluate the experiment in the following way: the aim of the experiment is to find out who is the fittest and if there was any difference in fitness levels between boys and girls, but this experiment only experiments the stamina, and fitness involves all the S-factors which are strength, speed, stamina and suppleness. So they must cover the other three aspects. For strength they could have done some press ups. For speed they could have done a race. For suppleness they could have told the pupils to stretch themselves as much as they can. They also could have taken the pulse of the pupils at intervals of 2 all the way through the exercise till the pulse returns to the resting pulse instead of taking the pulse at intervals of 10 after the tenth minute. This way it would be easier to work the recovery time and the time would be more accurate. Also the sample size was not enough to support any conclusion that any sex is fitter than the other, therefore I would use a sample of at least 30 pupils of each sex. They should have got some more background information about the pupils and their health status. They could have done the exercise twice so the results are more reliable. The pulses taken were accurate because they connected the pupils to a BBC heart rate monitor. While some of the pulse rates appear to be anomalous, we can be sure of their accuracy due to the way they were recorded. Our interpretation of these is skewed as we have only 2 other data points to consider. These are discrete measurements determined by a wide range of continuous variables. On basing our conclusions upon these points we have to remember the underlying determining variation and that these factors have an influence on pulse rate. How to cite Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity`, Papers

Health Policy in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Key Features of Health Policy in Australia. 2.Discuss the main reasons that Indigenous Health must be understood in the Context of the history of the Colonisation of Australia. 3.Describe how attitudes to Individual versus collective responsibility and the roles of kinship and community might inform Indigenous Health Care Policies. Answers: 1.Key features of health policy in Australia The Australian government funds the health care system and oversees the services provided by both the private and public hospitals. The Australian government is complex as it constitutes both the federal and the state government. The federal government normally has the task of regulating the private health insurances whereas the state government concerns itself with licensing of the private hospitals. All Australians are entitled to free treatment in public hospitals by the fact that they are citizens. Health policy development, implementation, and evaluation process It entails describing a chosen policy and other program options that are to address a given health issue. The implications of each option are also described and a given course of action is chosen. A plan is then developed for the course of action to be implemented after close consideration of the regulations and legislation (Lynch Kaplan, 2013). The policy is the implemented and it is evaluated in terms of its ability to give the required outcomes. Health outcome inequities Through the various statistics carried out, they show that there is a clear disparity between the indigenous Australians and the modern Australians. The studies show that these indigenous people have a lower life expectancy span with high death rates due to premature birth and low birth weight. They are also characterized by high levels of disabilities and morbidity. They have a high level of hospitalization compared to the general population (Lynch Kaplan, 2013). 2.Why Indigenous health is to be considered The indigenous people of Australia who were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were believed to survive harsh climatic changes and phenomena such as drought and famine. Both tribes shared a great history of colonization, which had a great impact on their health. These tribes had a great connection to their land and the arrival of non-indigenous people who introduced illness, caused a lot of health problems. Addressing specific indigenous problems An understanding of the health policy process can be key in helping the indigenous people because it first looks at a policy that can help curb a specific problem and its options are also weighed before a course of action is undertaken. For instance, the indigenous people had a great connection with their lands and the acts of racism, discrimination, loss of their land, identity and removal of their children forcefully has had an impact on their health, hence for better services provision, a health policy to be implemented must focus on these issues. NT Emergency Legislation The Northern Territory aimed at protecting the children but the negative impacts outweighed the positive effects. The previous policy had left a negative impact such a psychological problems, social problems, and cultural erosion. After the government saw the effects, it has been committed to improving infrastructure and service delivery across the country 3.Attitudes to individuals vs. collective responsibility It is better for people to make policies based on how best they understand their health problems or challenges they face. If a completely new people came to make decisions for them, it could be of little importance to them because they are the ones that understand their problems. For instance, an indigenous people would wish to have a health policy that accommodates their traditions and upholds their culture with respect. Therefore, it is important to include the indigenous people in the decision making process when it comes to issues relating to their health (Lynch Kaplan, 2013). Advantages of integrated Approach to health policy An integrated approach to health policy is important because it focuses on an individuals wholesome well-being in terms of social, mental, emotional and physical wellness. For instance, studying the health of the children and the youth can help to make better health decision in the future and in ones lifetime. This integrative approach brings out a clear interrelation between all the aspect of an individuals life (Lynch Kaplan, 2013). Example of inequitable health policy The NRE health policy in Australia, which aimed at protecting the children, brought about negative impacts, which outweighed the positive impacts. The policy left negative influences such a psychological and social problems, and cultural erosion. The non-indigenous people were not affected by it because they never had strong cultural bonds or values. The indigenous people had their children being taken away from them and these led to trauma and more health problems (Turrell Mathers, 2014). References Lynch J Kaplan G (2013). Socioeconomic position. In: Berkman LF Kawachi I (eds). Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, p.1335. Turrell G Mathers C (2014). Socioeconomic status and health in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 172:4348